"التنظيمات الاجتماعية للعرب قبل الإسلام "الأحلاف نموذجاً

Social Organizations of the Arabs in Pre-Islamic Era: Al-Aḥlāf as a Model

Abstract

This research, titled "Social Organizations of the Arabs in Pre-Islamic Era: Al-aḥlāf as a Model," sheds light on the role of alliances in Arab society before Islam, highlighting their impact on the balance of power and influence within Arab society, outlining their role in economic organization, lawmaking, and their dominance, and achieving justice. It followed the historical and comparative methods with analysis and inference in addressing the topic of the research. Some of the most important results reached: The Arabs before Islam did not know the concept of loyalty and belonging to the nation, but rather the first loyalty to the tribe, as tribalism was the main driving force in Arab society. Tribalism in pre-Islamic Arabia is a complex phenomenon, influenced by personal interests, political and economic factors. Blood ties were not always the decisive factor in forming alliances, but rather common interests played a significant role in determining the directions of tribes and alliances between them. The provisions of the Fadhl alliance focused on strengthening the values of coexistence and collective solidarity by guaranteeing security and safety between tribes, solidarity and sympathy, supporting the oppressed and upholding rights. Thus, the Fadhl alliance showed the aspiration of the Quraysh tribe and those who joined them in this alliance to achieve justice. The alliances of Quraysh before the Prophet's mission played a pivotal role in organizing social, political, and economic life in Mecca. They formed strong ties that brought together tribes and clans.