تطور مفهوم التحالفات القبلية من العصر الجاهلي إلى العصر الإسلامي: (دراسة تحليلية لنظام الإيلاف وتأثيراته الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية)

The Development of Tribal Alliances Concept from Pre-Islamic Era to the Islamic Era: (An Analytical Study of the Iylaf System and its Social, Political, and Economic Impacts)

Abstract

In the pre-Islamic era, tribes formed the basic social and political structures, with alliances between tribes based on military strength and shared interests in defense or offense. Such alliances strengthened the tribes' resilience, enabling them to navigate both external and internal challenges more effectively. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was sent, he introduced a new concept of alliances between tribes, one that was linked to religion and the general interest of the Islamic nation as a whole. The tribe evolved into a single Islamic nation that adopted Islamic nationalism as a foundation for cooperation and alliances. The tribes united under the banner of Islam, which strengthened the Islamic national identity, achieved social unity, and enhanced the Islamic state's ability to face external challenges, increasing internal security and stability by reducing internal conflicts, and driving economic prosperity and the expansion of trade. Thus, the focus of my research will be on how the concept of alliances between tribes evolved in the pre-Islamic and Islamic eras, through studying the Quraysh's "Ilaf" as a model, and analyzing its social, political, and economic effects on the Islamic society during the Prophet era (peace be upon him). Additionally, the research will explore how we can benefit from the Prophet’s approach to alliances in applying it to the present era, with the aim of promoting cooperation, unity, and comprehensive development in contemporary societies, ultimately leading to a nation united as one, by using a restorative, evidential, and analytical methodology.