قاضی عیا ض کی دفاع ِعصمت مصطفیٰ ﷺ قبل از اعلان نبوت سے متعلق مستدل احادیث کاناقدانہ جائزہ

Qāḍī Ayyāḍ’s Reasoning by Aḥādīth Defending Prophetic Inerrancy (al-‘Iṣmah) Prior to Nubūwwah (A Critical Review)

Abstract

This paper intends to focus upon a noteworthy aspect of life of Prophet Muḥammad (ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam) before the announcement of Prophethood (nubūwah). It is significant to know the sources of Prophetic Sayings (Aḥādīth) referred in Kitāb al-Shifā’ for logical reasoning in favour of infallibility (al-‘Iṣmah), a right to a person who has been chosen to exercise the authority of Prophethood. In this analytical study it was reviewed only the second source of Islamic law mentioned by Qāḍī Ayyāḍ al-Mālikī in this regard. This work finds several references of Aḥādīth having various grades and levels investigated in the different era. There is no parallel to a Prophet either his life and dealings are before or after the Nubūwah Declaration. Number of scholars, Sīrah writers of different times endorsed the interpretations and opinions of Qāḍī ‘Ayyāḍ derived from the second source. Hence, infallibility (al-‘Iṣmah) i.e. state of being virtuous, sinless, safeguard and exemption from error along with moral excellence and Divine Protection; is a God-gifted quality of a person who plays the role of intermediation between Allah and his creatures as per Divine willingness conveying exactly what is required.